Matrix 1.0
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Hi all,
Navicat for postgresql 12.1.13. We are very excited to announce the first fully stable release of the Matrix protocol and specification across all APIs - as well as the Synapse 1.0 reference implementation which implements the full Matrix 1.0 API surface.
This means that after just over 5 years since the initial work on Matrix began, we are proud to have finally exited beta!! This is the conclusion of the work which we announced at FOSDEM 2019 when we cut the first stable release of the Server-Server API and began the Synapse 0.99 release series in anticipation of releasing a 1.0.
Now, before you get too excited, it’s critical to understand that Matrix 1.0 is all about providing a stable, self-consistent, self-contained and secure version of the standard which anyone should be able to use to independently implement production-grade Matrix clients, servers, bots and bridges etc. It does not mean that all planned or possible features in Matrix are now specified and implemented, but that the most important core of the protocol is a well-defined stable platform for everyone to build on.
On the Synapse side, our focus has been exclusively on ensuring that Synapse correctly implements Matrix 1.0, to provide a stable and secure basis for participating in Matrix without risk of room corruption or other nastinesses. However, we have deliberately not focused on performance or features in the 1.0 release - so I’m afraid that synapse’s RAM footprint will not have got significantly better, and your favourite long-awaited features (automatically defragmenting rooms with lots of forward extremities, configurable message retention, admin management web-interface etc) have not yet landed. In other words, this is the opposite of the Riot 1.0 release (where the entire app was redesigned and radically improved its performance and UX) - instead, we have adopted the mantra to make it work, make it work right, and then (finally) make it fast. You can read the full release notes here. It’s also worth looking at the full changelog through the Synapse 0.99 release series to see the massive amount of polishing that’s been going on here.
All this means that the main headline features which land in Matrix 1.0 are vitally important but relatively dry:
- Using X.509 certificates to trust servers rather than perspective notaries, to simplify and improve server-side trust. This is a breaking change across Matrix, and we’ve given the community several months now to ensure their homeservers run a valid TLS certificate. See MSC1711 for full details, and the 2 week warning we gave. As of ~9am UTC today, the matrix.org homeserver is running Synapse 1.0 and enforcing valid TLS certificates - the transition has begun (and so far we haven’t spotted any major breakage :). Thank you to everyone who got ready in advance!
- Using .well-known URIs to discover servers, in case you can’t get a valid TLS certificate for your server’s domain.
- Switching to room version 4 by default for creating new rooms. This fixes the most important defects that the core room algorithm has historically encountered, particularly:
- The new State Resolution algorithm to fix the Hotel California bug and many others: State Resolution Reloaded
- Specifying the ability to upgrade between room versions
- Full specification of lazy loading room members
- Short Authentication String (Emoji!) interactive verification of E2EE devices
- .and lots and lots and lots of bugfixes and spec omission fixes.
That said, there is a lot of really exciting stuff in flight right now which sadly didn’t stabilise in time for Matrix 1.0, but will be landing as fast as we can finalise it now that 1.0 is at last out the door. This includes:
- Editable messages! (These are in Synapse 1.0 and Riot already, but still stabilising so not enabled by default)
- Reactions! (Similarly these are in develop)
- Threading!! (We’ve planted the seeds for this in the new ‘aggregations’ support which powers edits & reactions - but full thread support is still a bit further out).
- Cross-signed verification for end-to-end encryption (This is on a branch, but due to land any day now). We’ve also held off merging E2E backups into the Matrix 1.0 spec until cross-signing lands, given it may change the backup behaviour a bit. Once this is done, we can seriously talk about turning on E2E by default everywhere.
- Live-tracking of room statistics and state in Synapse! (This is in Synapse 1.0 already if you check out the new room_stats and room_state tables, but we need to provide a nice admin interface for it).
- Support for smaller footprint homeservers by reducing memory usage and stopping them from joining overly complex rooms.
Then stuff which we haven’t yet started, but is now unlocked by the 1.0 release:
- Fixing extremities build-up (and so massively improving performance)
- Rewriting Communities. Groups/Communities deliberately didn’t land in Matrix 1.0 as the current implementation has issues we want to fix first. MSC1772 has the details.
- Rewritten room directory using the new room stats/state tables to be super-speedy.
- Super-speedy incremental state resolution
- Removing MXIDs from events (MSC1228)
Just to give a quick taster of the shape of things to come, here’s RiotX/Android, the all-new Riot client for Android, showing off Edits & Reactions in the wild…
.and here’s a screenshot of the final test jig for cross-signing devices in end-to-end encryption, so you will never have to manually verify new devices for a trusted user ever again! We demoed a *very* early version of this at FOSDEM, but this here is the testing harness for real deal, after several iterations of the spec and implementation to nail down the model. + means the device/user's cross-signing key is trusted, T means it's TOFU:
So, there you have it - welcome to Matrix 1.0, and we look forward to our backlog of feature work now landing!
Massive massive thanks to everyone who has stuck with the project over the years and helped support and grow Matrix - little did we think back in May 2014 that it’d take us this long to exit beta, but hopefully you’ll agree that it’s been worth it :)
Talking of which, we were looking through the photos we took from the first ever session hacking on Matrix back in May 2014… Fleetwood mac the chain emperor bootleg download.
.suffice it to say that of the architectural options, we went with #3 in the end.
.and that nowadays we actually know how power levels work, in excruciating and (hopefully) well-specified detail :)
There has been an absolutely enormous amount of work to pull Matrix 1.0 together - both on the spec side (thanks to the Spec Core Team for corralling proposals, and everyone who's contributed proposals, and particularly to Travis for editing it all) and the implementation side (thanks to the whole Synapse team for the tedious task of cleaning up everything that was needed for 1.0). And of course, huge thanks go to everyone who has been helping test and debug the Synapse 1.0 release candidates, or just supporting the project to get to this point :)
The Matrix.org Foundation
Finally, as promised, alongside Matrix 1.0, we are very happy to announce the official launch of the finalised Matrix.org Foundation!
This has been a long-running project to ensure that Matrix’s future is governed by a neutral non-profit custodian for the benefit of everyone in the Matrix ecosystem. https://treecall652.weebly.com/quicktime-decoder-mac-audio-divx-download.html. We started the process nearly a year ago back with the initial proposal Towards Open Governance of Matrix.org, and then legally incorporated the Foundation in October, and published the final governance proposal in January.
As of today the Foundation is finalised and operational, and all the assets for Matrix.org have been transferred from New Vector (the startup we formed in 2017 to hire the core Matrix team). In fact you may already have seen Matrix.org Foundation notices popping up all over the Matrix codebase (as all of New Vector’s work on the public Matrix codebase for the forseeable is being assigned to the Matrix.org Foundation).
Most importantly, we’re excited to introduce the Guardians of the Matrix.org Foundation. The Guardians are the legal directors of the non-profit Foundation, and are responsible for ensuring that the Foundation (and by extension the Spec Core Team) keeps on mission and neutrally protects the development of Matrix. Guardians are typically independent of the commercial Matrix ecosystem and may even not be members of today’s Matrix community, but are deeply aligned with the mission of the project. Guardians are selected to be respected and trusted by the wider community to uphold the guiding principles of the Foundation and keep the other Guardians honest.
We have started the Foundation with five Guardians - two being the original founders of the Matrix project (Matthew and Amandine) and three being entirely independent, thus ensuring the original Matrix team forms a minority which can be kept in check by the rest of the Guardians. The new Guardians are:
- Prof. Jon Crowcroft - Marconi Professor of Communications Systems in the Computer Lab at the University of Cambridge and the Turing Institute. Jon is a pioneer in the field of decentralised communication, and a fellow of the Royal Society, the ACM, the British Computer Society, the Institution of Engineering and Technology, the Royal Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Jon is a global expert in decentralisation and data privacy, and is excellently placed to help ensure Matrix stays true to its ideals. - Ross Schulman - Ross is a senior counsel and senior policy technologist at New America’s Open Technology Institute, where he focuses on internet measurement, emerging technologies, surveillance, and decentralization. Prior to joining OTI, Ross worked for Google.
Ross brings a unique perspective as a tech- and decentralisation-savvy lawyer to the Foundation, as well as being one of the first non-developers in the Matrix community to run his own homeserver. Ross has been known to walk around Mozfest clutching a battery-powered Synapse in a box, promoting decentralised communication for all. - Dr. Jutta Steiner - As co-founder and CEO of Parity Technologies, Jutta is dedicated to building a better internet - Web 3.0 - where users’ privacy & control come first. Parity Technologies is a leader in the blockchain space – known to many as the creator of one of the most popular Ethereum clients, it is also the creator of two ambitious new blockchain technlogies, Polkadot and Substrate, that make it easier to experiment and innovate on scalability, encryption and governance.
Parity has been pioneering Matrix enterprise use since the moment they decided to rely on Matrix for their internal and external communication back in 2016, and now run their own high-volume deployment, with end-to-end encryption enabled by default. Jutta represents organisations who are professionally dependent on Matrix day-to-day, as well as bringing her unique experiences around decentralisation and ensuring that Web 3.0 will be a fair web for all.
We’d like to offer a very warm welcome to the new Guardians, and thank them profusely for giving up their time to join the Foundation and help ensure Matrix stays on course for the years to come.
For the full update on the Foundation, please check out the new website content at https://matrix.org/foundation which should tell you everything you could possibly want to know about the Foundation, the Guardians, the Foundation’s legal Articles of Association, and the day-to-day Rules which define the Open Governance process.
And finally…
Matrix 1.0 has been a bit of an epic to release, but puts us on a much stronger footing for the future.
However, it’s very unlikely that we’d have made it this far if most of the core dev team wasn’t able to work on Matrix as their day job. Right now we are actively looking for large-scale donations to the Matrix.org Foundation (and/or investment in New Vector) to ensure that the team can maintain as tight a focus on core Matrix work as possible, and to ensure the project realises its full potential. While Matrix is growing faster than ever, this perversely means we have more and more distractions - whether that’s keeping the Matrix.org server safe and operational, or handling support requests from the community, or helping new members of the ecosystem get up and running. If you would like Matrix to succeed, please get in touch if you’d like to sponsor work, prioritise features, get support contracts, or otherwise support the project. We’re particularly interested in sponsorship around decentralised reputation work (e.g. publishing a global room directory which users can filter based on their preferences).
Finally, huge thanks to everyone who has continued to support us through thick and thin on Patreon, Liberapay or other platforms. Every little helps here, both in terms of practically keeping the lights on, and also inspiring larger donations & financial support.
So: thank you once again for flying Matrix. We hope you enjoy 1.0, and we look forward to everything else landing on the horizon!
- Matthew, Amandine & the whole Matrix.org Team.
-->.NET Standard is a formal specification of .NET APIs that are intended to be available on all .NET implementations. The motivation behind .NET Standard is to establish greater uniformity in the .NET ecosystem. ECMA 335 continues to establish uniformity for .NET implementation behavior, and while ECMA 335 specifies a small set of standard libraries, the .NET Standard specification encompasses a broader range of .NET APIs.
.NET Standard enables the following key scenarios:
- Defines uniform set of BCL APIs for all .NET implementations to implement, independent of workload.
- Enables developers to produce portable libraries that are usable across .NET implementations, using this same set of APIs.
- Reduces or even eliminates conditional compilation of shared source due to .NET APIs, only for OS APIs.
The various .NET implementations target specific versions of .NET Standard. Each .NET implementation version advertises the highest .NET Standard version it supports, a statement that means it also supports previous versions. For example, .NET Framework 4.6 implements .NET Standard 1.3, which means that it exposes all APIs defined in .NET Standard versions 1.0 through 1.3. Similarly, .NET Framework 4.6.1 implements .NET Standard 1.4, while .NET Core 1.0 implements .NET Standard 1.6.
.NET implementation support
The following table lists the minimum platform versions that support each .NET Standard version. That means that later versions of a listed platform also support the corresponding .NET Standard version. For example, .NET Core 2.2 supports .NET Standard 2.0 and earlier.
.NET Standard | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.NET Core | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 |
.NET Framework 1 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5.1 | 4.6 | 4.6.1 | 4.6.1 2 | 4.6.1 2 | 4.6.1 2 | N/A3 |
Mono | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 6.4 |
Xamarin.iOS | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.14 | 12.16 |
Xamarin.Mac | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 5.16 |
Xamarin.Android | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 |
Universal Windows Platform | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0.16299 | 10.0.16299 | 10.0.16299 | TBD |
Unity | 2018.1 | 2018.1 | 2018.1 | 2018.1 | 2018.1 | 2018.1 | 2018.1 | 2018.1 | TBD |
1 The versions listed for .NET Framework apply to .NET Core 2.0 SDK and later versions of the tooling. Older versions used a different mapping for .NET Standard 1.5 and higher. You can download tooling for .NET Core tools for Visual Studio 2015 if you cannot upgrade to Visual Studio 2017 or a later version.
2 The versions listed here represent the rules that NuGet uses to determine whether a given .NET Standard library is applicable. While NuGet considers .NET Framework 4.6.1 as supporting .NET Standard 1.5 through 2.0, there are several issues with consuming .NET Standard libraries that were built for those versions from .NET Framework 4.6.1 projects. For .NET Framework projects that need to use such libraries, we recommend that you upgrade the project to target .NET Framework 4.7.2 or higher.
https://ameblo.jp/suppvalcibeat1986/entry-12639872363.html. 3 .NET Framework won't support .NET Standard 2.1 or later versions. For more details, see the announcement of .NET Standard 2.1.
- The columns represent .NET Standard versions. Each header cell is a link to a document that shows which APIs got added in that version of .NET Standard.
- The rows represent the different .NET implementations.
- The version number in each cell indicates the minimum version of the implementation you'll need in order to target that .NET Standard version.
- For an interactive table, see .NET Standard versions.
To find the highest version of .NET Standard that you can target, do the following steps:
- Find the row that indicates the .NET implementation you want to run on.
- Find the column in that row that indicates your version starting from right to left.
- The column header indicates the .NET Standard version that your target supports. You may also target any lower .NET Standard version. Higher .NET Standard versions will also support your implementation.
- Repeat this process for each platform you want to target. If you have more than one target platform, you should pick the smaller version among them. For example, if you want to run on .NET Framework 4.5 and .NET Core 1.0, the highest .NET Standard version you can use is .NET Standard 1.1.
Which .NET Standard version to target
When choosing a .NET Standard version, you should consider this trade-off:
- The higher the version, the more APIs are available to you.
- The lower the version, the more platforms implement it.
In general, we recommend you to target the lowest version of .NET Standard possible. So, after you find the highest .NET Standard version you can target, follow these steps:
- Target the next lower version of .NET Standard and build your project.
- If your project builds successfully, repeat step 1. Otherwise, retarget to the next higher version and that's the version you should use.
Fear 1 patch download. However, targeting lower .NET Standard versions introduces a number of support dependencies. If your project targets .NET Standard 1.x, we recommend that you also target .NET Standard 2.0. This simplifies the dependency graph for users of your library that run on .NET Standard 2.0 compatible frameworks, and it reduces the number of packages they need to download.
.NET Standard versioning rules
There are two primary versioning rules:
- Additive: .NET Standard versions are logically concentric circles: higher versions incorporate all APIs from previous versions. There are no breaking changes between versions.
- Immutable: Once shipped, .NET Standard versions are frozen. New APIs first become available in specific .NET implementations, such as .NET Core. If the .NET Standard review board believes the new APIs should be available for all .NET implementations, they're added in a new .NET Standard version.
Specification
The .NET Standard specification is a standardized set of APIs. The specification is maintained by .NET implementors, specifically Microsoft (includes .NET Framework, .NET Core, and Mono) and Unity. A public feedback process is used as part of establishing new .NET Standard versions through GitHub.
Official artifacts
The official specification is a set of .cs files that define the APIs that are part of the standard. The ref directory in the dotnet/standard repository defines the .NET Standard APIs.
The NETStandard.Library metapackage (source) describes the set of libraries that define (in part) one or more .NET Standard versions.
A given component, like
System.Runtime
, describes:Focus Matrix 1.0.1 Full
- Part of .NET Standard (just its scope).
- Multiple versions of .NET Standard, for that scope.
Derivative artifacts are provided to enable more convenient reading and to enable certain developer scenarios (for example, using a compiler).
- Reference assemblies, distributed as NuGet packages and referenced by the NETStandard.Library metapackage.
Package representation
The primary distribution vehicle for the .NET Standard reference assemblies is NuGet packages. Implementations are delivered in a variety of ways, appropriate for each .NET implementation.
NuGet packages target one or more frameworks. The .NET Standard packages target the '.NET Standard' framework. You can target the .NET Standard framework using the
netstandard
compact TFM (for example, netstandard1.4
). Libraries that are intended to run on multiple runtimes should target this framework. For the broadest set of APIs, target netstandard2.0
since the number of available APIs more than doubled between .NET Standard 1.6 and 2.0.The
NETStandard.Library
metapackage references the complete set of NuGet packages that define .NET Standard. The most common way to target netstandard
is by referencing this metapackage. It describes and provides access to the ~40 .NET libraries and associated APIs that define .NET Standard. You can reference additional packages that target netstandard
to get access to additional APIs.Versioning
The specification is not singular, but an incrementally growing and linearly versioned set of APIs. The first version of the standard establishes a baseline set of APIs. Subsequent versions add APIs and inherit APIs defined by previous versions. There is no established provision for removing APIs from the standard.
.NET Standard is not specific to any one .NET implementation, nor does it match the versioning scheme of any of those runtimes.
APIs added to any of the implementations (such as, .NET Framework, .NET Core and Mono) can be considered as candidates to add to the specification, particularly if they are thought to be fundamental in nature. New versions of .NET Standard are created based on .NET implementation releases, enabling you to target new APIs from a .NET Standard PCL. The versioning mechanics are described in more detail in .NET Core Versioning.
.NET Standard versioning is important for usage. Given a .NET Standard version, you can use libraries that target that same or lower version. The following approach describes the workflow for using .NET Standard PCLs, specific to .NET Standard targeting.
- Select a .NET Standard version to use for your PCL.
- Use libraries that depend on the same .NET Standard version or lower.
- If you find a library that depends on a higher .NET Standard version, you either need to adopt that same version or decide not to use that library.
Targeting .NET Standard
You can build .NET Standard Libraries using a combination of the
netstandard
framework and the NETStandard.Library metapackage. You can see examples of targeting the .NET Standard with .NET Core tools..NET Framework compatibility mode
Starting with .NET Standard 2.0, the .NET Framework compatibility mode was introduced. This compatibility mode allows .NET Standard projects to reference .NET Framework libraries as if they were compiled for .NET Standard. Referencing .NET Framework libraries doesn't work for all projects, such as libraries that use Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) APIs.
For more information, see .NET Framework compatibility mode.
.NET Standard libraries and Visual Studio
In order to build .NET Standard libraries in Visual Studio, make sure you have Visual Studio 2017 version 15.3 or later installed on Windows, or Visual Studio for Mac version 7.1 or later installed on macOS.
If you only need to consume .NET Standard 2.0 libraries in your projects, you can also do that in Visual Studio 2015. However, you need NuGet client 3.6 or higher installed. You can download the NuGet client for Visual Studio 2015 from the NuGet downloads page.
Comparison to Portable Class Libraries
.NET Standard is the replacement for Portable Class Libraries (PCL). The .NET Standard improves on the experience of creating portable libraries by curating a standard BCL and establishing greater uniformity across .NET implementations as a result. A library that targets .NET Standard is a PCL or a '.NET Standard-based PCL'. Existing PCLs are 'profile-based PCLs'.
.NET Standard and PCL profiles were created for similar purposes but also differ in key ways.
Similarities:
- Define APIs that can be used for binary code sharing.
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Differences:
- .NET Standard is a curated set of APIs, while PCL profiles are defined by intersections of existing platforms.
- .NET Standard linearly versions, while PCL profiles do not.
- PCL profiles represents Microsoft platforms while the .NET Standard is platform-agnostic.
PCL compatibility
.NET Standard is compatible with a subset of PCL profiles. .NET Standard 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 each overlap with a set of PCL profiles. This overlap was created for two reasons:
- Enable .NET Standard-based PCLs to reference profile-based PCLs.
- Enable profile-based PCLs to be packaged as .NET Standard-based PCLs.
Profile-based PCL compatibility is provided by the Microsoft.NETCore.Portable.Compatibility NuGet package. This dependency is required when referencing NuGet packages that contain profile-based PCLs.
Profile-based PCLs packaged as
netstandard
are easier to consume than typically packaged profile-based PCLs. netstandard
packaging is compatible with existing users.Cleanmymac 4.6 crack. You can see the set of PCL profiles that are compatible with the .NET Standard:
PCL Profile | .NET Standard | PCL Platforms |
---|---|---|
Profile7 | 1.1 | .NET Framework 4.5, Windows 8 |
Profile31 | 1.0 | Windows 8.1, Windows Phone Silverlight 8.1 |
Profile32 | 1.2 | Windows 8.1, Windows Phone 8.1 |
Profile44 | 1.2 | .NET Framework 4.5.1, Windows 8.1 |
Profile49 | 1.0 | .NET Framework 4.5, Windows Phone Silverlight 8 |
Profile78 | 1.0 | .NET Framework 4.5, Windows 8, Windows Phone Silverlight 8 |
Profile84 | 1.0 | Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone Silverlight 8.1 |
Profile111 | 1.1 | .NET Framework 4.5, Windows 8, Windows Phone 8.1 |
Profile151 | 1.2 | .NET Framework 4.5.1, Windows 8.1, Windows Phone 8.1 |
Profile157 | 1.0 | Windows 8.1, Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone Silverlight 8.1 |
Profile259 | 1.0 | .NET Framework 4.5, Windows 8, Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone Silverlight 8 |